SUMMARY
 
Total labor force aged 15 and over in Vietnam was estimated at 50.6 million persons in 2021. In terms of labor force structure, the percentage of male employees participating in the labor force reached 53.5%, higher than the rate of 46.5% of the female. There was a big gap between the labor force in the urban and the rural areas, although in recent years the percentage of the labor force in the urban areas increased. In general, the labor force nationwide still mainly concentrated in the rural areas, accounting for 63.3%.
 
In 2021, employees aged 15 years and over working in economic sectors reached 49.1 million persons, of which 14.3 million persons worked in the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, accounting for 29.1%; 16.2 million persons worked in the industry and construction sector, representing for 33.1%; and 18.6 million persons worked in the service sector, making up 37.8%.
 
In 2021, the percentage of trained labour force aged 15 years and over with degrees and certificates reached 26.1% (higher than 24.1% in 2020), of which trained employees of the urban areas and the rural areas reached 41.1% and 17.5%, respectively.
 
In 2021, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the average unemployment rate in Vietnam 3.2%. Of which, this rate of the urban areas and the rural areas in 2021 was 4.33% and 2.50% respectively. The underemployment rate of labor force in working age was 3.10%, of which the underemployment rates in the urban areas and the rural areas were 3.33% and 2.96%, respectively; (the underemployment rates in the labor force in working age in 2020 were 2.52%; 1.69%; 2.94%, respectively).